According to the 뉴욕 밤알바 Part-Time Jobs Journal, the national average for hourly wages in a part-time job is 1035 yen. The OECD (2010) reports that in nearly every OECD country, the average hourly compensation of part-time workers is lower than for full-time workers.
While there are differences in the ratios of mean hourly wages for part-time workers compared with full-time workers, almost all countries, with the exception of the Netherlands, report lower hourly wages for men and women working part-time than for full-time workers. In Japans case, the Law on Part-Time Employment defines part-time workers as workers whose scheduled hours are shorter than regular employees at the same workplace, with 35 hours typically taken as the cutoff point (CitationAraki, 2002). Working hours in South Korea defines the time that workers are allowed to be at their jobs in South Korea.
There are several work-related exemptions where a 44-hour week is allowed. In terms of scheduling, most places are pretty relaxed on how many days per week you can work, as well as taking vacation days. Selective working hours systems let an employee choose start and stop times for their job, as well as how many hours they want to work per day.
Selective working hours system: In the case of selective working hours system, employees are allowed to choose the hours of their work for a specific time frame (reference period) which is no more than 1 month. If government authorities decide the extension is unsuitable, employers can be ordered to provide a back-up period or day of rest equivalent to the expanded hours at a later date for the employee(s). An employer can give recess hours in lieu of working a rest day in lieu of pay, if there is a written agreement between employer and the representative of the employees.
Employers may give time off in lieu of pay for overtime worked, under written agreement with labor representatives. Employees are also entitled to receive a premium for overnight work of 50% the normal wage for up to eight hours beyond normal hours. An employee is entitled to 200 % of regular wage only if they work over 8 hours during holidays.
The law regulates terms and conditions of employment, such as hours, holidays, breaks, wages, overtime, holidays, and dismissal, among others. In his/her first year on employment, the employee is entitled to one days vacation per month, or 11 days in one year. Employers may impose an average workweek between the 2 weeks, in which an employee may be required to work more than 40 hours during one particular week, and/or more than eight hours on one particular day.
The working-hours averaged system is another collective arrangement, under the terms of the labor-management agreement or labor regulations, whereby an employer may require an employee to work over eight hours per day or 40 hours per week, without being paid overtime, provided the average of hours prescribed does not exceed statutory standards for a week in any given period. Employers are required to submit a labor-management agreement (an Article 36 agreement) with the Labor Standards Inspection office if they want employees to work beyond statutory hours or statutory days off. Employees are required to take at least 104 days off per year, and are subject to other measures that ensure their welfare and good health, including medical checks for those who work more than a specified number of hours.
These broadly follow the 2001 standards on employers appropriate management of employees working hours, but include new and notable items, including the definition of working hours and concrete examples (such as time spent on call, time spent changing clothes, and so on). There are also more stringent rules regarding overtime, including the requirement that employers pay employees for the hours they worked in excess of their normal hours. Under the Labor Standards Act, employees are entitled to certain hours of service limits, rates of overtime, overtime, time off, and holidays, a minimum amount of annual leave, a unused vacation allowance, minimum pension benefits, severance payments, and there are some restrictions on unfair dismissal.
The protections provided under the LSA do not apply to independent contractors, but they extend to some extent to dispatch workers, the third kind of work arrangement that is unique to Korea. The minimum standards and protections set forth in the LSA cover only those who are considered employees under their written formal contractual arrangements, and who are working on a permanent or temporary basis, or on either a part-time or a full-time basis. In contrast with South Korea, in Japan, an institutional setup with lower levels of the legal minimum wage and weaker labor protections for temporary workers is suggested as the causal condition of higher levels of irregular employment.
Countries like Japan and Korea both have a high level of both temporary employment and part-time work. Japan has fewer robust protections in place to protect the employment of full-time workers than Korea (Table 4) suggesting the Japanese full-time work regimes preference for the standard workers working for larger firms might be furthered through different arrangements than Korea. CitationKahn (2010), in her research into the effect of regulation of temporary workers on temporary employment rates, explained that policies making temporary jobs easier to obtain raises the probability of workers with wages and salaries working temporary jobs.
In his study on the impact of regulation for temporary workers on the incidence of temporary employment, CitationKahn (2010) explains that policies making it easier to create temporary jobs increase the likelihood that wage and salary workers will be in temporary jobs. Keizar further summarises definitions for various types of irregular occupations that are not categorized under standard occupations such as, for example, arubaito (work taken from people who are still studying, or have some other reason for working for less), contractual workers, shokutaku (those who are employed under a temporary contract, and those who are rehired following compulsory retirement), and agency workers (workers employed by a labor agency or agency) (CitationKeizar, 2008). Temporary workers include workers with fixed-term contracts, workers in an agency, seasonal workers, and call-up workers (Fig. Male workers in manufacturing industries are allowed 24.10 hours of overtime, whereas workers not involved in manufacturing receive 10.90 hours.
South Korean business culture is similar to that in Japan: it is hierarchical, with substantial subcontracting, and both factors contribute to longer hours. Understandably, there are no benefits for working, but you are free to set your prices and hours, meaning that you are flexible and in control of your job.